Evaluación y bioformulación con base en hongos nematófagos y un extracto vegetal para el manejo de Globodera pallida en el cultivo de papa bajo condiciones de invernadero

Abstract

The potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida) is one of the main phytosanitary constraints on potato crops (Solanum tuberosum) in the Ecuadorian highlands, causing yield losses of up to 30%. Prolonged reliance on chemical nematicides has generated environmental concerns, as well as residual toxicity and pathogen resistance, underscoring the need for sustainable management strategies. In this context, this study evaluated the nematicidal efficacy of two bioformulations based on Trichoderma virens, Purpureocillium lilacinum, and quinoa extract (Chenopodium quinoa), developed in two presentations: coated granules and dispersible granules. The research was carried out in two phases: the first consisted of the production, formulation, and microbiological and physicochemical characterization of the bioinputs, while the second involved evaluating their efficacy under controlled greenhouse conditions. The Leona Negra variety was used in a completely randomized design with eight treatments (2 x 3 doses + 2 controls) and six replicates. The bioformulations were applied monthly throughout the entire crop cycle. Agronomic variables and G. pallida population dynamics were evaluated, considering the increase in eggs and larvae per experimental unit. The results allowed determining the differential impact of each formulation and dose on the nematode population, as well as its effect on plant growth and productivity. This study demonstrates the potential for integrating biological control agents and plant extracts into bioformulations with nematicidal activity, contributing to the development of sustainable strategies for managing G. pallida. The formulations evaluated offer an environmentally friendly alternative with potential application in integrated pest management programs for potato crops.