Evaluacion de la nutricion y densidades de siembra en la varidad de maiz INIAP 543-QPM con fines forrajeros en el Canton Joya de los Sachas
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E. E. Central Amazónica
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81p.
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El trabajo experimental consistió en evaluar la nutrición y densidades de siembra en la variedad de maíz INIAP 543-QPM con fines forrajeros en el cantón La Joya de los Sachas. La metodología se basó en un diseño de bloques completamente al azar (DBCA), con arreglo factorial A x B en parcelas divididas, siendo el factor A, tres densidades de siembra de la variedad de maíz estudiada y el B, cuatro tipos de fertilizaciones: control, bajo, medio y alto, que conformaron doce tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones; la variables analizadas se categorizaron en tres tipos: primero, las variables morfológicas, siendo estas la altura, diámetro y número de hojas por planta, la longitud y ancho de hoja, el acame de raíz y acame de tallo segundo, variables fisiológicas, índice de verdor e índice de área foliar; y tercero, variable de producción, rendimiento de materia verde; estos datos recopilados de las variables se sometieron a un análisis de varianza y prueba de Tukey al 5 % para la separación de medias en el programa InfoStat. La mayor altura de planta y ancho de hoja se consiguió con la fertilización alta, 2,25 m y 9,61 cm; mayor diámetro, longitud de hoja y acame de tallo con densidad media y fertilización baja, alta y control, 19,53 mm, 1 m y 2%; menor acame de raíz y mayor número de hojas por planta con densidad baja y fertilización alta y media, 38,5 % y 11,45. El índice de área foliar más elevado se consiguió con una densidad alta, 7,53. El mayor peso fresco e índice de verdor se consiguieron con una mayor fertilización en densidad alta, 57,5 T/ha y 46,7 SPAD. Se recomienda usar densidades altas y fertilización alta para obtener mayores rendimientos en forraje fresco y Beneficio/Costo.
ABSTRACT The experimental work consisted in evaluating the nutrition and planting densities of INIAP 543-QPM maize variety for forage purposes in Joya of Sachas parish. The methodology was based on a completely randomized block design (DBCA), with factorial arrangement A x B in divided plots, factor A being three planting densities the corn variety studied and factor B, four types of fertilization: control, low, medium and high, which formed twelve treatments with four replications; the variables analyzed were categorized into three types: first, morphological variables, being these height, diameter and number of leaves per plant, leaf length and width, root lodging and stem lodging second, physiological variables, greenness index and leaf area index; and third, production variable, green matter yield; these data collected from the variables were subjected to an analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% for the separation of means in the InfoStat program. The greatest plant height and leaf width were achieved with high fertilization, 2.25 m and 9.61 cm; greatest diameter, leaf length and stem lodging with medium density and low, high and control fertilization, 19.53 mm, 1 m and 2%; least root lodging and greatest number of leaves per plant with low density and high and medium fertilization, 38.5 % and 11.45. The highest leaf area index was achieved at high density, 7.53. The highest fresh weight and greenness index were achieved with higher fertilization at high density, 57.5 T/ha and 46.7 SPAD. It is recommended to use high densities and high fertilization to obtain higher fresh forage yields and Profit/Cost.
ABSTRACT The experimental work consisted in evaluating the nutrition and planting densities of INIAP 543-QPM maize variety for forage purposes in Joya of Sachas parish. The methodology was based on a completely randomized block design (DBCA), with factorial arrangement A x B in divided plots, factor A being three planting densities the corn variety studied and factor B, four types of fertilization: control, low, medium and high, which formed twelve treatments with four replications; the variables analyzed were categorized into three types: first, morphological variables, being these height, diameter and number of leaves per plant, leaf length and width, root lodging and stem lodging second, physiological variables, greenness index and leaf area index; and third, production variable, green matter yield; these data collected from the variables were subjected to an analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% for the separation of means in the InfoStat program. The greatest plant height and leaf width were achieved with high fertilization, 2.25 m and 9.61 cm; greatest diameter, leaf length and stem lodging with medium density and low, high and control fertilization, 19.53 mm, 1 m and 2%; least root lodging and greatest number of leaves per plant with low density and high and medium fertilization, 38.5 % and 11.45. The highest leaf area index was achieved at high density, 7.53. The highest fresh weight and greenness index were achieved with higher fertilization at high density, 57.5 T/ha and 46.7 SPAD. It is recommended to use high densities and high fertilization to obtain higher fresh forage yields and Profit/Cost.
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