Metanización de la biomasa residual de dos variedades de cacao y caracterización nutricional del sustrato biodigerido
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E. E. Portoviejo
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p.167–176
Abstract
La digestión anaerobia posibilita la degradación de la fracción orgánica biodegradable presente en los residuos sólidos, transformándola en biogás, con alto contenido en metano y con alto aprovechamiento energético, y en un residuo final con alta tasa de destrucción de microorganismos patógenos, que reúne condiciones para poder ser utilizado como mejorador del suelo y biofertilizante. En este contexto, se evaluó la producción de biogás y gas metano de la digestión anaeróbica de dos variedades de cacao (CCN-51 y Nacional) y caracterizado nutricionalmente el substrato obtenido. Se estudiaron los siguientes tratamientos: T1 Cáscara CCN-51 (20% ST); T2 Cáscara CCN-51 (30% ST); T3 Baba CCN-51; T4 Cáscara CCN-51 + Baba CCN-51 (20% ST); T5 Cáscara CCN-51 + Baba CCN-51 (30% ST); T6 Cáscara de Nacional (20% ST); T7 Cáscara de Nacional (30% ST); T8 Baba Nacional; T9 Cáscara de Nacional + Baba Nacional (20% ST); T10 Cáscara de Nacional + Baba Nacional (30% ST); T11 Cáscara CCN-51 + Cáscara de Nacional (20% ST) y T12 Cáscara CCN-51 + Cáscara de Nacional (30% ST). Fue determinada la producción de biogás diariamente, y además se efectuó la medición del gas metano con el método Orsat. Se analizaron parámetros fisicoquímicos de los sustratos biodigeridos. El T6 Cáscara Nacional (20 % ST) fue el más destacado en la producción de biogás acumulado (1297,66 mL) y en el porcentaje de gas metano (76%). Diferentes concentraciones de macro y micronutrientes se encontraron en las biomasas biodigeridas de los diferentes tratamientos, con potencial para uso como biofertilizante en plantas.
Anaerobic digestion enables the degradation of the biodegradable organic fraction present in solid waste, transforming it into biogas with high methane content and high energy use, and a fi nal residue with a high rate of destruction of pathogenic microorganisms which meets the conditions to be used as a soil improver and biofertilizer. In this context, the production of biogas and methane gas from the anaerobic digestion of two varieties of cocoa (CCN-51 and Nacional) was evaluated and the obtained substrate was nutritionally characterized. Th e following treatments were studied: T1Shell CCN-51 (20% ST); T2 Shell CCN-51 (30% ST); T3 Slime CCN-51; T4 Shell CCN-51 + Slime CCN-51 (20% ST); T5 Shell CCN-51 + Slime CCN-51 (30% ST), T6 Shell Nacional (20% ST); T7 Shell de Nacional (30% ST); T8Slime Nacional; T9 Shell de Nacional + Slime Nacional (20% ST); T10 Shell Nacional + Slime Nacional (30% ST); T11Shell CCN-51 + Shell Nacional (20% ST); and T12 Shell CCN-51 + Shell from Nacional (30% ST). Biogas production was determined daily, and methane gas was also measured with the Orsat method. Physicochemical parameters of the biodigested substrates were analyzed. Th e T6 Shell Nacional (20% ST) was the most outstanding in the production of accumulated biogas (1297.66 mL) and in the percentage of methane gas (76%). Diff erent concentrations of macro and micronutrients were found in the biodigested biomass of the diff erent treatments, with potential for use as a biofertilizer in plants.
Anaerobic digestion enables the degradation of the biodegradable organic fraction present in solid waste, transforming it into biogas with high methane content and high energy use, and a fi nal residue with a high rate of destruction of pathogenic microorganisms which meets the conditions to be used as a soil improver and biofertilizer. In this context, the production of biogas and methane gas from the anaerobic digestion of two varieties of cocoa (CCN-51 and Nacional) was evaluated and the obtained substrate was nutritionally characterized. Th e following treatments were studied: T1Shell CCN-51 (20% ST); T2 Shell CCN-51 (30% ST); T3 Slime CCN-51; T4 Shell CCN-51 + Slime CCN-51 (20% ST); T5 Shell CCN-51 + Slime CCN-51 (30% ST), T6 Shell Nacional (20% ST); T7 Shell de Nacional (30% ST); T8Slime Nacional; T9 Shell de Nacional + Slime Nacional (20% ST); T10 Shell Nacional + Slime Nacional (30% ST); T11Shell CCN-51 + Shell Nacional (20% ST); and T12 Shell CCN-51 + Shell from Nacional (30% ST). Biogas production was determined daily, and methane gas was also measured with the Orsat method. Physicochemical parameters of the biodigested substrates were analyzed. Th e T6 Shell Nacional (20% ST) was the most outstanding in the production of accumulated biogas (1297.66 mL) and in the percentage of methane gas (76%). Diff erent concentrations of macro and micronutrients were found in the biodigested biomass of the diff erent treatments, with potential for use as a biofertilizer in plants.