DSpace Colección :
http://repositorio.iniap.gob.ec/handle/41000/4998
2023-11-23T12:01:05ZAgroecology as a means to improve energy metabolism and economic management in smallholder cocoa farmers in the Ecuadorian Amazon
http://repositorio.iniap.gob.ec/handle/41000/6057
Título : Agroecology as a means to improve energy metabolism and economic management in smallholder cocoa farmers in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Resumen : Cocoa is one of the most important crops in Ecuador, especially in the Ecuadorian Amazon, where >60,000 ha are dedicated to cocoa; 48,600 ha in production in 2021. Most of the cocoa area (82 %) is managed by smallholders with <10 ha under cultivation. Despite the socioeconomic and environmental importance of these systems, there are no previous studies that provide an integrated view of the energy metabolism and economic viability of different smallholder management styles. Consequently, the objective of this work is twofold: a) to estimate the aggregate energy and economic metabolism of small cocoa producers (< 10 ha) in the Ecuadorian Amazon and b) to investigate the existing differences in the technical-economic management styles of the crop. To this end, primary data were collected from a statistically representative sample of cocoa-growing areas distributed among 279 producers in 86 communities in the region, using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology and a cost-benefit analysis associated with management. Our data show that most smallholder farmers produce cocoa in low-input diversified agroforest system with a high share of unpaid family labor. At the Amazon level, smallholder farmers (< 10 ha) produced 16.9 million tons of food for the market with a non-renewable cumulative energy demand (NR CED) of 53.8 TJ (1343 MJ/ha), a carbon footprint (CF) of 8.16 Mt. CO2-eq. (203.9 kg CO2-eq/ha), and a net margin of 19.07 million $ (476.8 $/ha). On average, cocoa yields were estimated at 288 kg/ha, resulting in a NR CED and carbon footprint (CF) per kg of cocoa of 4.18 MJ and 0.98 kg CO2-eq. Despite its apparent homogeneity, three distinct styles of crop management were identified by a cluster analysis. The results suggest that farms with good organic/agroecological management can have a similar income generating capacity to the more intensive conventional farms evaluated, but with better environmental outcomes. Consequently, the paper finally discusses the need to promote public actions and policies that allow for the scaling up and improvement of successful agroecological management in the Ecuadorian Amazon.2023-08-07T00:00:00ZEcological River Water Quality Based on Macroinvertebrates Present in the Ecuadorian Amazon
http://repositorio.iniap.gob.ec/handle/41000/6014
Título : Ecological River Water Quality Based on Macroinvertebrates Present in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Resumen : The Yanaquincha River is one of the tributaries that crosses the canton of La Joya de los Sachas from north to south, where the increase in human activities is affecting the quality of water used for agricultural activities and in tourist resorts. The purpose of this research was to determine the biological quality of the water through the BMWP-Col index and physicochemical parameters. Five sampling sites were selected along the length of the river for this assessment. Relatively intact sites were classified as reference sites (BR and FR), moderately impacted sites (EPC and EFPC),
and severely impacted sites (PC). Biological and physicochemical data were collected to examine the quality of the water. The Biological Monitoring Working Party Colombia (BMWP-Col) biotic
index and Functional Feeding Group (FFG) grouping were used to evaluate river quality. The results showed that water temperature, depth, width, and turbidity are important parameters in the composition of families. In the sampling sites, the BMWP-Col index was a determinant for river water
quality (moderate, poor, or bad). Good quality water was not found in any of the sampling sites. The composition of the macroinvertebrate community changes from the source of the river until it ends its journey in the city. In addition, the family abundance and the composition of the feeding group were observed in the sites that showed similar or the same quality of water. The diversity of families
and FFGs was generally higher at sites of moderate water quality. Chironomidae and Annelida were the most abundant families while Leptoceridae was the least abundant. The diversity of families was higher in BR while it was lower in PC and EFPC, grouped in six and four (both PC and EFPC) FFGs, respectively. It is important to carry out this type of study in the Ecuadorian Amazon because there is
a lack of knowledge about taxonomic and functional diversity and the physicochemical variables with water quality.2023-03-01T00:00:00ZSuperfoods in the production systems of the northern Amazon of Ecuador: A case study
http://repositorio.iniap.gob.ec/handle/41000/6013
Título : Superfoods in the production systems of the northern Amazon of Ecuador: A case study
Resumen : In the northern part of the Ecuadorian Amazon, Amazonian and exotic crops and fruit trees are part of the agrobiodiversity in the production systems or chakra. This study aimed to identify the diversity of species in the production systems that contribute to food security as foods with high nutritional value, functional or superfoods, in the provinces of Orellana and Sucumbíos. The information was collected through directed surveys and direct observation. At least 20 potential species were identified from an agricultural, nutritional and market point of view.
The main species identified were: achiote (Bixia Orellana), achotillo (Nephelium lappaceum), aerial potato (Dioscorea sp), sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum), coconut (Cocos nucifera), plantain (Musa sp), sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis), tree peanut (Caryodendron orinocense), chontaduro (Bactris gasipaes), avocado (Persea
americana), citrus (Citrus spp.), Amazonian coriander (Eryngium foetidum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), morete (Mauritia flexuosa), acai (Euterpe oleracea), ginger (Zingiber officinale), tusilla corn (Zea mays), cassava (Manihot esculenta) and tree grape (Pourouma cecropiifolia). These crops are grown in the chakras, mostly in polycultures with cacao, coffee, musaceae, fruit trees, vegetables, legumes, and medicinal, aromatic and spicy plants. Ninety percent of the farmers do not add value to their crops; 10% produce flour, syrup, nectar,
cocktail, jams, pulp, beverages, and Coladas. The most consumed species are Chinese potato, morete, avocado, orange, lemons, malanga, badea, cassava, chontaduro, banana and breadfruit. These crops are called superfoods
because they provide a valuable nutritional contribution with beneficial properties for the organism.2023-02-17T00:00:00ZContribution of Agroforestry Systems in the Cultivation of Naranjilla (Solanum quitoense) Grown in the Amazon Region of Ecuador
http://repositorio.iniap.gob.ec/handle/41000/5917
Título : Contribution of Agroforestry Systems in the Cultivation of Naranjilla (Solanum quitoense) Grown in the Amazon Region of Ecuador
Resumen : Agroforestry systems allow conservation of natural resources and promotion of sustainable
agriculture in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Nevertheless, the benefit of the associated species that
are part of these production systems needs to be demonstrated. The aim of this study was to
find out the influence on the crop yield, carbon sequestration, presence of earthworms, and the
nutritional contribution of legume species associated with the naranjilla (Solanum quitoense) crop in
an agroforestry system. The research was carried out in the Palora Experimental Farm of INIAP,
using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were made up of
cultivation systems (agroforestry systems with or without 50% fertilization) and monoculture as a
control, with two levels of conventional fertilization (50 and 100%). In the agroforestry arrangements,
Gliricidia sepium and Flemingia macrophylla were used to supply biomass. The results showed that
during the three evaluation cycles, the yield of naranjilla was influenced by the quality of the biomass
added to the soil and not by the amount of synthetic chemical fertilizer that was supplied. The
biomass of G. sepium and F. macrophylla provided a greater amount of Mg, Mn, Zn, B, and Fe; elements that contributed to crop yield and the presence of earthworms. The results suggest that the use of legume species in agroforestry systems positively influenced naranjillla productivity, favoring
sustainable agriculture in the Ecuadorian Amazon.2022-10-21T00:00:00Z